Record of Oral Language, observing changes in the acquisition of language structures, describes a technique for recording and assessing change in children’s oral language development. It was developed for research studies of young children from three ethnic groups but has been widely used in New Zealand, Australia, Britain and the United States. Experience has shown that Record of Oral Language helps practising teachers to observe and understand changes in young children’s language. The book is directed towards teachers who wish to do this. Young children’s control of English is assumed to increase gradually over most of their school years. The changes occurring can be monitored through the use of this Record of Oral Language and of another assessment called Biks and Gutches, which you will find in a companion volume. Teachers could judge from either or both of these assessments which children have made poor, average or good progress.